The Spirit of the Wild West
The West wasn’t won by luck—it was carved by determination and hard work.
George McJunkin stands as a remarkable figure in the tapestry of American history during the Early Settlement period of the Old West, particularly from 1800 to 1850. As a former Buffalo Soldier, he transitioned from military service to becoming a pioneering archaeologist, contributing significantly to our understanding of the prehistoric inhabitants of North America.
Early Life and Military Service
Born on September 12, 1851, in New Mexico, George McJunkin grew up amidst the turbulent changes of the post-Civil War West. Joining the United States Army, he served in the 10th Cavalry Regiment, one of the famed African American regiments known as the Buffalo Soldiers. e soldiers played a vital role in the expansion of the United States and the protection of settler communities against Native American tribes in the often wild frontiers.
Timeline of Major Events
- 1866 – Formation of the Buffalo Soldiers regiments.
- 1874 – McJunkin enlists in the 10th Cavalry.
- 1884 – McJunkin begins to explore archaeology after military service.
- 1908 – McJunkin discovers the Folsom site in New Mexico.
Transition to Archaeology
Following his military service, McJunkin settled in the New Mexico Territory where he worked as a cowboy and a rancher. His innate curiosity about the land and its history led him to explore archaeological sites actively, igniting a passion for the study of ancient cultures. In 1908, while inspecting the area for fossilized remains of extinct animals, he inadvertently discovered archaeological artifacts related to what would later be termed the Folsom culture.
The bones lay scattered among the rocks; it was one of those things–a rare chance that led to a great discovery. – George McJunkin
The Folsom Site Discovery
McJunkins discovery at the Folsom site was pivotal as it provided concrete evidence of prehistoric human life in North America, demonstrating that these early inhabitants coexisted with now-extinct megafauna like the bison. This assertion was revolutionary, contradicting the long-held belief that humans arrived in North America much later than previously thought.
Contributions to Economic Development
McJunkin’s work significantly impacted the economic development of the region. His findings drew the attention of archaeologists and anthropologists, leading to increased academic and tourism interest in New Mexicos historical sites. Local communities began to recognize the importance of their archaeological heritage, fostering new economic opportunities through the promotion of cultural tourism and educational programs. By 1940, the Folsom site was established as a National Monument, affirming its significance in the narrative of North American history.
In the context of the Old West, the early settlement years (1800-1850) were marked by rapid expansion and a diverse population. The Buffalo Soldiers, like McJunkin, were vital to the military enforcement of order, allowing for economic activities such as cattle ranching, agriculture, and mining to flourish.
Legacy and Recognition
Despite the obstacles faced by African Americans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, McJunkins contributions did not go unnoticed. His pioneering work laid the groundwork for future archaeological studies about Native American cultures, establishing a legacy that would inspire others in both anthropology and historical preservation. Today, McJunkin is recognized not just as a Buffalo Soldier but also as a foundational figure in American archaeology.
Conclusion
George McJunkins life embodies the blend of military service and passionate scholarship that characterized much of the Old West. His contributions to archaeology and the economy of New Mexico underscore the critical role individuals can play in uncovering the past and shaping an understanding of cultural heritage. His journey reminds us that both history and innovation are built upon the foundations laid by those who dared to explore and challenge the known boundaries of their time.